University of Phoenix Online Learning System User’s Manual Essay Example for Free

College of Phoenix Online Learning System User’s Manual Essay The University of Phoenix Online Learning System is electronic training program that offers understudies to gain degrees in the most helpful and productive manner conceivable. Understudies would need to be enlisted first in the University of Phoenix before they can enroll to the University’s Online Learning System. To get to the framework, understudies would need to login to https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/login. asp and enter their predetermined client login name and secret key. The client login name and secret word could be indicated by enrolling to the site. First time clients would need to enlist. To do this, clients would simply need to tap on the connection that states â€Å"New Users SIGN UP here† found at the upper-left hand corner of the page and round out the structure that shows up on the following page. Note that the client could pick their favored login name and secret word. When the client has effectively enlisted, the individual in question could now login to the University of Phoenix Online Learning System. The client would need to enter the client login name and secret phrase to get to the framework. The client login name and secret phrase must match those that were determined during enlistment. Likewise note that the secret key is case-touchy. When effectively signing in, the framework will coordinate the client in their principle page where current enlisted courses are recorded. Connections to different administrations like distributions, site apparatuses, asset data and others are additionally recorded on the left half of the page. There are likewise connections to significant messages in the correct side of the page. There is likewise interfaces where clients could take care of their tabs, get to their learning assets, see the evaluation report, and access the learning group. Be that as it may, the most significant is having the option to go into the class. Tapping on the â€Å"Open rEsource† connect permits the clients to see addresses. Talk points are sorted out by week. Every subject recorded every week is where assets for the talks are shown under the â€Å"Materials† segment. Subject targets and appraisals are likewise shown. Tapping on an asset found under the â€Å"Materials† area opens another window where the talk is shown. Note that a few talks are from a digital book assortment and might possibly have the option to be seen utilizing the program. In situations where it doesn't permit to be seen on the program, the digital book must be downloaded. Clients could download the digital book by tapping on the â€Å"Download eBook† connect found on the upper piece of the page. Clients could likewise decide to purchase the book by tapping on the â€Å"Buy This Book† connection, and decide to print the current section by tapping on the â€Å"Print Chapter† interface. These connections are found at the upper bit of the page, alongside the â€Å"Download eBook† interface. Additionally note that some digital book assortments are in shielded PDF design from which username and secret phrase are required. Clients could utilize a similar client login name and secret key used to sign into the framework to see the substance of a secured PDF asset. Clients could now peruse whenever the timing is ideal the asset for the talks. As effectively determined, the user’s primary page shows classes as of now took a crack at by the client. The subtleties incorporate the course name, plan, and the instructor’s name alongside other data. Each course has a catch or connection that states â€Å"Go To Class. † Users would need to tap on that connect to enter the class and access class conversations and talks. Understudies took a crack at online courses could likewise team up with a working group. The connection that states â€Å"Learning Team† found with each course recorded on the primary page permits clients to get to their learning group. The University of Phoenix Online Learning System permits understudies t complete coursework through electronic discussions. This is gotten to by entering a class from the client or student’s fundamental page. The Online Learning System additionally permits understudies to get address notes, questions, and assignments electronically. Understudies who are joined up with online courses have along these lines the advantage of learning whenever it might suit them by picking the time and spot to studyâ€that is, understudies could abstain from clashing calendars.

E-Business Strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business Strategy - Coursework Example There are two principle models referenced alongside their qualities, shortcoming and reasonableness for explicit business parts that are identified with the e-business. Besides, Model of key change and fit contains the components named structure, technique, the board procedure, innovation and person. All components are between identified with one another while making and applying technique for the business. The succession of the components relies upon the sort of the business. Various organizations apply the model to make changes and fit in the authoritative tasks (Fazlollahi, 2001). It is appeared in the above diagram of the model that all components of the model are between identified with one another. Any adjustment in the technique created to be trailed by the work power of the association. Initial step is to make procedure. System is should have been made or receive so as to roll out an improvement in the activities of the association. Just arranged and powerful technique will convey the positive outcomes to the association. The Leaders of the association frequently make methodologies (Levy and Powell, 2004). It is suggested that the procedure ought to think about the structure of the business. Structure of the association mirrors the errand and exercises doe by the directors and administrators to set the headings of the work to be done as such to accomplish the objective of the association. Associations need to change the structure and the headings of the senior representatives that it ought to mirror the difference in the technique. It is vital that the methodology ought to be conveyed to the administration that requires changing their procedure and making a compelling arrangement for the execution of the system made by the pioneers of the association (Levy and Powell, 2004). The executives procedure could assume a compelling job in imparting the system intend to subordinates and youngsters with the goal that they could upgrade their exhibition as per the headings of

Mockumentaries And Documentaries

Mockumentaries And Documentaries A narrative film is a film that shows genuine life accounts or recent development introduction. A narrative film regularly records reality just as the real world. So as to have the crowds consideration, a narrative film likewise contains some amusement esteem while instructing the crowd about the point. Narrative is a desultory structure, which makes style of promptness and truth, utilizing photographic innovation so as to introduce direct understanding and snippet of data. Likewise, narratives regularly deal with specific societies, countries, ethnic gatherings, or districts. Narrative needs invented component to make it engaging. Salaam Cinema and Cannibal Tour were the instances of narrative movies. With respect to mockumentary, it is characterized as a sort of movies that duplicates the complex components of narratives by utilizing shooting procedures. Mockumentary is a TV program or film caught in the method of a narrative film is caught yet it contains invented and every now an d again deriding topic that presents in a true to life or narrative arrangement. It taunts the fundamental trademark and contends that narratives attempt to guarantee. There are similitudes among narratives and mockumentaries as mockumentaries utilize all the narratives codes and shows, for example, that transform a mockumentary into a narrative, be resolved to show the film as a narrative despite the fact that it's anything but a narrative. A mockumentary is effective when it can consolidate history and present through a bogus focal point just as driving the crowd to question the truth. Mockumentaries have been made to the crowd to challenge the crowds convictions just as the chiefs creative mind. Overlooked Silver and Quarantine are the instances of mockumentary films. Overlooked Silver (1995), by Costa Botes and Peter Jackson, is a mockumentary which records the procedure of life of a quiet movie producer from New Zealand, Colin McKenzie just as his mind boggling progress that were lost since days of yore. The film offers a fascinating and engaging interpretation of the issues of film reality against film dream just as reinforcements onlooker declaration or meeting meetings including movies and photos. Hence, it appeared to be genuine. It asserts that this mockumentary was genuine in light of the fact that it utilizes all the narrative codes and shows. Mockumentaries utilize the style of narrative so as to subvert any cases to truth. (2001, p.46). It catches and read the confusion of reality. Mock-narratives will in general expect an original nonexclusive structure as opposed to perceive the complexities of the class (Roscoe, Hight, 2001, p.50). In addition, Forgotten Silver advises us that the occasion really occurred as it has recorded everythin g in it. In Forgotten Silver, it utilizes meeting to confirm sees. The interviewees included Jonathon Morris (archiviste), Costa Botes (Realisateur), Harvey Weinstein (Miramax Film), Leonard Maltin (Historian), Sam Neil (Actor/Realisateur), and May Belle (Research Assistant) as his significant other. Film reality and film dream are bolstered by the utilization of genuine film. Overlooked Silver uses file film as another narrative code to include credibility, for example, arriving at Anzac Cove war film and New Zealand City film. Camera impact, for example, slow zooms has been utilized in Forgotten Silver so as to show the crowds that there are no overstate activities. In addition, pictures of Colin McKenzie all through entire film, his photos taken for an amazing duration, pictures with mother, Colin McKenzies reproduced city, pictures of records, for example, Deputation from the New Zealand Communist Party. Old video cuts have been appeared in the film, for example, Richard Pearses flying video, Salome John the Baptist (throwing), Gallipoli Footage (Brooke McKenzie 1915), Stan the Man (Stan Wilson) unconstrained shots by Colin McKenzie. Furthermore, there were paper shots, for example, Richard Pearses flying video and Incredible Taking Picture Sensation. Other than that, current recordings, for example, his excursion to find the reproduced city, revelation of Salomes creation storeroom, Alexandra Nevsky Attachã © Cultural de Russie demonstrate the marked agreement between McKenzie. Mockumentary movie producers wish to draw in the crowd in talks about certainty and fiction. As Roscoe and Hight put it Mock narratives closer view their fictionality, they will likely play with, sabotage or challenge narrative, as opposed to look for legitimacy through a relationship with the class. (2001, p.46) Another narrative code utilized in Forgotten Silver is the utilization of writings or illustrations. The names, title, year of every interviewee just as the name, year of every video have been appeared in the film. Authenticity in any portrayal, similar to narratives, has additionally to be a development as it is difficult to accomplish an ideal match between occasions in a chronicled world and the writings that speaks to them (Kilborn and Izod, 1997. p40). Impacts, for example, zoom in and features the significant wordings on pictures, reports and papers have been utilized. Remaking, a re-establishment of some other time or spot for an alternate crowd, a diagramming of history in and through the true to life picture and taped sound, onto the present. (Rabinowitz:1994:16). This film has used normal sound, for example, old film moving sounds and film unique foundation sound in The Natural Season 1908, Stan the Man and Stable Stumbles. Non-digetic sound, is characterized as the ambient melodies when storyteller portrays a story, for example, a sensational mood melodies as storyteller portrays a dismal scene. This has been found in Forgotten Silver as the ambient melodies for pictures, for example, festivity sounds when the war finished. Overlooked Silver has utilized reproductions or set-ups to pass on authenticity as another narrative code, for example, old movies, Made-up of McKenzies Salome creation storeroom, old Egyptian sculptures, hand-made ensembles and made blades and shields for Salome shooting. Mockumentaries likewise deconstruct the socio political position that narratives will in general embrace comparable to the socio recorded world (Roscoe and Hight, 2001).With all the narratives codes and shows utilized in Forgotten Silver, has made the film genuine to be accepted by the crowds. For models, Richard Pearses flying video, Colin McKenzies first claimed talking film and shading film just as a found city in West Coast. Nonetheless, it was a deception, said by the Wellington movie producer, Costa Botes, which is additionally the chief of Forgotten Silver, built up that it was a narrative style program that he co-coordinated with the producer Peter Jackson. Also, McKenzie was an unadulterated fiction. Despite the fact that it was with demonstrates from the meetings by nearby superstars and film specialists just as a mockumentary receives documentarys conduct and codes. Isolate (2008), coordinated by John Erick Dowdle, gave by Angela Vidal a role as a journalist for the program Night Shift, was on the job to go through a night with the Los Angeles Fire Department. In this manner, she and her cameraman, Scott Percival, join the firemen George and Jake to a high rise. This film is a redo film of the Spanish Horror film REC. The film was about the proprietor was blamed with examining and isolating a speculated Armageddon infection for a group. Sadly, the infection lost control and change into irresistible infection, which taints the man. It is the motivation behind why the individuals in the structure were contaminated. The entire structure has been shut for isolate. This mockumentary was a scam as there are no homicidal savages on the planet. It was only a creative mind of the chief testing the convictions of the crowds. Film could be found in Quarantine as there are barely any scenes have been zoomed in, for example, when the homicidal savages are as saulting human. Lightweight camera has been utilized in Quarantine, which has similitude with Forgotten Silver. Nonetheless, there is one uniqueness, Quarantine didn't utilize mood melodies, and it utilizes audio effects. Voice-Over has been utilized in the film while catching the subjects in front by Angela. Isolate appeared to be genuine as it utilizes narrative codes. Meetings have been made all through the entire film. For instance, a brisk meeting meetings with the firemen George and Jake before making a beeline for the contaminated loft. Meetings have made the film all the more genuine. The false narrative structure is by all accounts all the more commonly utilized by producers to spoof parts of mainstream society, especially media culture, than to urge watchers to scrutinize their adherence to suspicions and desires appended to narratives. (Roscoe and Hight, 2001. p.161). In Forgotten Silver and Quarantine, the two of them have similitudes with the narrative movie, Cannibal Tours (1988), recorded by Australian chief and cinematographer Dennis ORourke. They have utilized the expertise of chronicled recordings as they caught genuine pictures by utilizing lightweight camera. . Hence, it brings the crowd closer to reality just as truth. Other than that, talk with meetings and pictures caught with lightweight camera were finished. In Cannibal Tours, there are talk with meetings with the local and the voyagers. It utilizes genuine recordings to clarify the historical backdrop of how the Germans visited there previously. Movie producers have considered the issue of subjectivity and objectivity to be distractions where they record about local people groups story. We understood that the most significant thing was not the film and the data in it to such an extent as the manner in which this data was discussed. One of the points of such movies is to give the eve nt to individuals to get themselves and talk about their own issues. The projection turns into where individuals talk and build up their mindfulness. (Chanan 1997:373). Narratives hold a special situation inside society, a position kept up by documentarys guarantee that it can introduce the most exact and honest depiction of the socio verifiable world㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦.

What You Learn From American Culture Example

What You Learn From American Culture Example What You Learn From American Culture †Coursework Example My first experience with American culture: As a universal from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) going just because to the UnitedStates, caused me to understand the glaring difference between the American culture and the Emirati culture. I had heard a ton about American culture and thought about it through mainstream media yet living in the nation helped me really experience it direct. I discovered that despite the fact that there our societies were noticeably unique the fundamental human characteristics were basically the equivalent. The Americans are warm and amicable individuals with a solid feeling of independence where singular exertion is esteemed and imagination is unequivocally empowered. I discovered that the American culture is increasingly open to universal guests as the nation has had a long and amazing history of opening its shores to remote voyagers. Social connections and ethics, for example, empathy towards other individuals, and fairness of every last one are profoundly esteemed and supported. Albeit like different societies there are social, strict, political contrasts just as contrasts among age and sexual orientation however everybody is dealt with deferentially during social experiences. I additionally discovered that the Americans will in general be very casual towards individuals they are familiar with, and frequently utilize their first names while tending to one another paying little heed to age and status and contrasts, which was a serious charming shock for a global understudy like me. In my way of life the older folks are given more regard and it is standard to welcome a senior first subsequent to going into a room. Consequently I saw the American culture as generally open and more amicable without any clear social or age-based contrasts while tending to each other. I took in a few things about the States and the individuals when all is said in done anyway my own communications with people around me further helped me comprehend the way of life from a superior viewpoint. I understood the job of qualities and social perspectives in molding ones culture and how it influences the manner in which we speak with each other. Living in America has helped me rethink my viewpoints and take a gander at the way of life from an alternate perspective.

Essay on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie -- Glass Menagerie essays

Imagery in The Glass Menagerie Imagery has a fundamental impact in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Instances of the utilization of imagery incorporate the emergency exit, as a departure from the family, the phonograph, as a getaway from the real world, the unicorn, as an image for Laura's uniqueness and the father’s photo, speaking to something else to each character. Through regonition of these images, a more prominent comprehension of the play’s topic is accomplished. All through the play, Tom Wingfield was torn by an obligation he felt for his mom and sister and the should be his own man. He utilized the emergency exit most in the play. He went outside to remain on it when he smoked, to get away from the annoying from his mom, and to make his last freedom from his family. Tom didn't care for being answerable for his mom and sister, working all day every day at an occupation he loathed. He needed to escape down those steps and never return. In scene V Tom addresses the crowd about what he sees from the emergency exit, Paradise Dance Hall. The ballroom to him was what he needed, everybody was living energizing lives hot swing music and alcohol, ballrooms, bars and motion pictures, and sex that hung in the gloom... Tom ached to carry on with an all the more energizing life. In the last scene Tom says I dropped the means of this emergency exit for a last time and followed, from that point on, in my dad's strides, endeavoring to discover moving what was lost in space. Tom needed to be free and to him the emergency exit was the exit into opportunity. Motion pictures were likewise a significant piece of Tom's life. He went out to see the films when he and his mom contended or when he believed he required some fervor. In scene IV Amanda asks For what reason do you go out to see the films so a lot, Tom? and... ...nger; outrage that he's desert them and is doing what he needs. The images utilized in the play are a ways to get out. For Tom it's the motion pictures and the emergency exit, for Laura it's the Victrola and her glass and for the dad, it's his image. He's gotten away from the duty of raising and paying for their family. Works Cited and Consulted Beattie, Elisabeth L. The Glass Menagerie. Masterplots, ed. Candid M. Magill. Changed Second Ed. Vol. 5. Pasadena: Salem Press, 1996. Bigsby, C. W. E. Entering the Glass Menagerie. The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams, ed. Matthew C. Roudane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Williams, Tennessee. Discussions with Tennessee Williams, ed. Albert Devlin. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1986. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. New York: New Directions Publishing, 1995. Paper on Symbolism in The Glass Menagerie - Glass Menagerie papers Imagery in The Glass Menagerie Imagery has a vital impact in Williams’s play, The Glass Menagerie. Instances of the utilization of imagery incorporate the emergency exit, as a getaway from the family, the phonograph, as a break from the real world, the unicorn, as an image for Laura's uniqueness and the father’s photo, speaking to something else to each character. Through regonition of these images, a more prominent comprehension of the play’s subject is accomplished. All through the play, Tom Wingfield was torn by an obligation he felt for his mom and sister and the should be his own man. He utilized the emergency exit most in the play. He went outside to remain on it when he smoked, to get away from the bothering from his mom, and to make his last autonomy from his family. Tom didn't care for being liable for his mom and sister, working all day every day at a vocation he abhorred. He needed to escape down those steps and never return. In scene V Tom addresses the crowd about what he sees from the emergency exit, Paradise Dance Hall. The ballroom to him was what he needed, everybody was living energizing lives hot swing music and alcohol, ballrooms, bars and films, and sex that hung in the gloom... Tom yearned to carry on with an all the more energizing life. In the last scene Tom says I plummeted the means of this emergency exit for a last time and followed, from that point on, in my dad's strides, endeavoring to discover moving what was lost in space. Tom needed to be free and to him the emergency exit was the exit into opportunity. Films were likewise a significant piece of Tom's life. He went out to see the films when he and his mom contended or when he believed he required some energy. In scene IV Amanda asks For what reason do you go out to see the films so a lot, Tom? and... ...nger; outrage that he's forsake them and is doing what he needs. The images utilized in the play are a ways to get out. For Tom it's the motion pictures and the emergency exit, for Laura it's the Victrola and her glass and for the dad, it's his image. He's gotten away from the duty of raising and paying for their family. Works Cited and Consulted Beattie, Elisabeth L. The Glass Menagerie. Masterplots, ed. Forthright M. Magill. Amended Second Ed. Vol. 5. Pasadena: Salem Press, 1996. Bigsby, C. W. E. Entering the Glass Menagerie. The Cambridge Companion to Tennessee Williams, ed. Matthew C. Roudane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Williams, Tennessee. Discussions with Tennessee Williams, ed. Albert Devlin. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1986. Williams, Tennessee. The Glass Menagerie. New York: New Directions Publishing, 1995.

How Alcohol Increases the Effects of Cigarettes

How Alcohol Increases the Effects of Cigarettes Addiction Nicotine Use Print How Alcohol Increases the Effects of Cigarettes By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 26, 2020 PhotoAlto/Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Did you ever wonder why so many of your friends who drink also smoke? Have you ever thought that you had successfully quit smoking, but the next time you had an alcoholic beverage you just had to have a cigarette? Why is it so difficult for drinkers to quit smoking? Alcoholics Smoke More Than Non-Alcoholics We know from statistics and observations that: People smoke more in places where alcohol is servedAlcoholics smoke more than non-alcoholicsSmokers are more likely to be binge drink?? Researchers at the Duke University Medical Center believe they have found one reason why alcohol seems to be so closely linked to smoking.?? Smoking Can Increase Health Risks in Alcoholics Behavioral Link Between Alcohol and Nicotine Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory evidence clearly indicate a behavioral link between cigarette smoking and alcohol use, said Jed Rose, Ph.D., director of the Duke Nicotine Research Program and co-creator of the nicotine patch. The combined use of cigarettes and alcohol presents health risks  over and above the risks posed by smoking alone, and thus constitutes a serious public health problem which deserves additional research attention. In particular, understanding the pharmacological basis of the interaction between alcohol and nicotine could lead to the development of effective strategies for treating the drugs dual-use, Rose said. Smoking and Drinking Are Often Linked According to researchers:If you have more than five drinks a week, you’re two-and-half times more likely to smoke.Compared to nonsmokers, smokers are three times more likely to drink to excess.Moderate drinkers who smoke have a higher risk of heart, liver, and lung disease than those who only smoke or only drink.?? Nicotine Offsets Alcohols Effects In the past, investigators have speculated about the alcohol-nicotine association. Some research has indicated that it is because nicotine offsets the sedative effects of alcohol. Drinking alcohol can slow reaction times and impair the performance of some visual tasks, but some studies have found that nicotine can counteract these deficits.?? Both Increase Dopamine in the Brain Both alcohol and nicotine increase concentrations of dopamine in the brain, so another theory is using nicotine and alcohol together increases the feeling of pleasure more than using either drug by itself??. Meanwhile, some neurobiological research has produced conflicting information regarding the nicotine-alcohol link. Some have reported that ethanol increases the activity of the brain receptors that respond to nicotine, while others have indicated a dampened response of certain subtypes of the so-called nicotinic receptors in the presence of ethanol, the Duke researchers said. To find out, Roses investigators examined 48 volunteers who were regular smokers and who reported usually drinking at least four alcoholic beverages per week. The participants were served either an alcoholic beverage or a placebo beverage. In one session, the volunteers were given a regular cigarette, but in another session, they were given a nicotine-free cigarette. How Smoking and Drinking Affect the Brain Alcohol Enhances Nicotines Rewarding Effects Compared to those who drank a placebo beverage, those who had alcohol reported that: Alcohol enhanced the rewarding effects of nicotineAlcohol enhanced the calming effects of nicotineNicotine-free cigarettes did not elicit the same response The research suggests that it is nicotine itself, not other aspects of smoking, that is the critical ingredient in producing a positive response in people who drink alcohol.?? Even a Small Amount of Alcohol Effects Nicotine A relatively low dose of alcoholâ€"below that required to induce any measurable euphoriaâ€"was enough to increase participants enjoyment of nicotine significantly, Rose said.?? In light of the current finding, it makes sense that so many people who have quit smoking relapse when they drink. The researchers took the study a step further by giving the participants mecamylamine, a drug known to be a nicotine antagonist. Effects Encourage Combined Use Those participants who reported that alcohol boosted the rewarding effects of nicotine, reported just the opposite effect of mecamylamine. They initially smoked more to try to offset the drugs effect, but overall reported less satisfaction from smoking. Researchers concluded that alcohol enhances rather than antagonizes nicotines effects, which tends to encourage their combined use.?? The finding might help elucidate why those who have quit smoking often relapse while drinking alcohol. Such insights might lead to new smoking cessation methods that take the drugs interaction into account, wrote Rose. Mecamylamine Might Help Smokers Quit Mecamylamine might offer a novel treatment to help smokers who also drink alcohol quit both drugs as mecamylamine has been found to counteract the effects of both nicotine and alcohol, said Rose. Such an approach to smoking cessation would work especially well for drinkers as it would dampen both desires, Rose said. Such methods would be particularly useful for heavy drinkers and people with an addiction to alcohol, Rose added. How Much Alcohol Is Safe to Drink Per Day?

Medicine Research Assignment Nursing Shortage In America - 275 Words

Medicine Research Assignment: Nursing Shortage In America (Essay Sample) Content: Nursing ShortageAuthors NameInstitutional AffiliationThe present nursing shortage in the United States of America is very real and not similar to any shortage experienced in the previous years. The new shortage in nursing is seen through various ways. For instance, fewer nursing are joining the workforce, there is acute shortages in nursing in particular geographic regions, and there is nurses shortage satisfactorily prepared to fulfill specific patient needs areas in a changing environment of healthcare. Accordingly, there is an increasing awareness that the supply of nurses who are appropriately prepared is not adequate to execute the diverse populations need (Harrington Estes, 2008). More so, this shortfall will become more serious over the coming decades.Presently and in future, there is no direct description of the standing of the shortage in nursing workforce. Discussion involving this matter is complex and interconnected. It is impossible to separate single so lutions and factors. To a certain extent, an assessment of systems perspective provides the greatest intensity as well as knowledge of the connections between various variables. It is imperative to incorporate the systematic issues in the work environment, systems of healthcare delivery, and education. Additionally, the impact of legislation, reimbursement, technological advances, and regulation ought to be put into consideration. Failure to reflect on the correlations among these features restricts the optimum appreciation of the shortage complexity in the nursing workforce (Blair, Savage Fottler, 2009).

Biology Questions - 2894 Words

BIO 169 Ch. 20 S.G. Name: __________________________ Date: _____________ 1. The anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm. A) Epicardium B) Abdominal cavity C) Pericardium D) Mediastinum E) Thoracic cavity 2. The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the A) pericardium. B) pleura. C) myocardium. D) mediastinum. E) endocardium. 3. The apex of the heart is normally pointed A) at the midline. B) to the left of the midline. C) to the right of the midline. D) is different for males and females E) posteriorly. 4. The outermost layer of the pericardium, which consists of inelastic dense irregular connective†¦show more content†¦Cardiac muscle fibers are electrically connected to neighboring fibers by A) desmosomes. B) tight junctions. C) gap junctions. D) interneurons. E) chordae tendinae. 22. Which of the following types of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell? A) Smooth muscle B) Skeletal muscle C) Cardiac muscle D) All the muscle types contain approximately the same number. E) Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells. 23. This is a network of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that provide a path for each cycle of cardiac excitation to progress through the heart. A) Systemic circuit B) Intercalated discs C) Cardiovascular center D) Cardiac conduction system E) Pulmonary circuit 24. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential follows in order to excite normal contraction of the heart? A) Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, Atrioventricular (AV) node B) Sinoatrial (SA) node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, Bundle of His C) Purkinje fibers, AV node, SA node, Bundle of His D) SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje fibers E) Bundle of His, SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers Page 4 BIO 169 Ch. 20 S.G. 25. In comparison to skeletal muscle fibers, the contractile fibers of the heart are depolarized for ____ period of time. A) a shorter B) a longer C) the same 26. The volume of blood ejected from the leftShow MoreRelatedBiology: Key Questions Essay675 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Biology Key Questions – Lesson #1 1. How many electrons does Mg2+ have? Answer: Mg2+ has 10 electrons. A Magnesium atom has 12 electrons, 2 of which are valence electrons. The atom will lose the 2 outermost electrons in order to stabilize its electron shell. The nucleus maintains its 12 protons and becomes a Mg2+ ion. 2. Given that the half-life of the radioisotope carbon-14 is 5730 years, how useful do you think this isotope would be for dating bones that are over a million yearsRead MoreEssay on Intro to Biology Questions1550 Words   |  7 Pagesstarvation, war, or epidemics? I do not believe there will be stabilization without a global catastrophe. People appear not to be limiting the amount of children they are producing and there is no indication that a change will occur. Page 338, questions 1–8 1. Is the clapper rail headed for extinction or is the species having a temporary decline due to excessive predation, lack of resources, a disruption in the lower tropic levels, or some other reason? Explain your response as it relates to theRead MoreAp Biology Practice Questions2588 Words   |  11 PagesCell Division, Heredity, and Rcolution Practice Questions Cell Division An organism is heterozygous at two gene loci on different chromosomes. Explain how these alleles are transmitted by the process of mitosis to daughter cells. After mitosis the parent cells genome is dividedninto two daughter cells. In most eukaryotes, the nuclear envelope that separates the DNA from the cytoplasm disassembles. The chromosomes align themselves in a line spanning the cell. As the cell elongates, correspondingRead MoreEssay about The Question of Biology is Why?1518 Words   |  7 PagesIn biology, one only comes to know so much about a subject before one begins to compare it to other things. As humans, we are comparative by nature—always wondering what is the best between multiple things (if it even is) and why. That is why we do it, ultimately. We feel that we must answer the question â€Å"Why?† In this biographical paper, I will be analyzing two very different processes: DNA Replication and the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). It is that each of these individual processes carriesRead MoreEssay on Ap Biology Lab 1 Questions622 Words   |  3 PagesAP Biology Lab 1 Ross Lordo Introduction Questions 1. The solute potential would be -2.48. If the concentration inside the cell is .15 M, then would diffusion out of the cell and into the solution of .1 M. This is due to water potential and the tendency for water to move from areas of high water potential to low water potential. 2. The turgor pressure must be equal to the water potential if there is no net diffusion. The cell and environment have reached equilibrium and the movement of waterRead MoreWhy I Am An Engineer907 Words   |  4 Pagestaught me basic algebra. She taught me how to think critically and problem solve. She helped me in all my academic courses, and taught me math from 6th grade trough my junior year in high school. Majoring in engineering was never a question, what type was always the big question. When I was fourteen I underwent a few extensive surgeries. All though the surgeries weren’t fun to experience it peaked my interest in how the body self heals. The idea of becoming a doctor quickly crossed my mind. Junior yearRead MoreUnit 1 Lesson 1 Key Question Biology SBI4U Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Unit 1 Lesson 1 Key Question Biology SBI4U-C ILC 1) Mg2+ Has 10 electrons. 2) Carbon -14 would not be effective at dating bones that are millions of years old. Carbon -14 is effective at dating to a maximum of 40 000 to 50 000 years old. The isotope decays over time and would not be present on bones that are millions of years old. 3) Hydrolysis - Water used to breakdown molecules. Hydro means water and lysis means to breakdown. An example of hydrolysis in action within our bodies is how ourRead MoreHistory of Biochemistry: Chemistry and Biology Connection to the World Today991 Words   |  4 Pages What criteria connects biology to chemistry? -Chemistry has changed the way the world is today. -Biology has changed how certain organisms live and stay alive today. I will explain how chemistry and biology connect throughout the world today. Following questions: †¢What was this society like before the discovery of biology? Biology is the study of living organisms and how organisms may live after awhile. Aristotle discovered biology in 1802.The term biology was first coined by gifted gottfried ReinholdRead MoreThe Things That Make Me Who I Am Essay1393 Words   |  6 Pagesstudying biology. I kept that in the back of my mind and took some biology classes in high school and grew to like it even though it was a pretty tough subject. My mom works in the biology field as a medical sales rep and she and I have talked about it a lot trying to decide if that is what I wanted for my life as well. When I reached my senior year of high school is when I had come to the conclusion that biology was what I wanted study also. When I decided this I knew that biology was a toughRead MoreWar and Society: Is War a Cultural or Biological Phenomenon? Essay1071 Words   |  5 Pagesingrained into our world today whether we like it or not and while it may seem more prevalent and worse lately considering the advances in technology and the increase in hysteria over security, war is not a recent adjunct to society. That poses the question, where does war come from? As human beings, are we hard-wired biologically to fight each other or is it a behaviour influenced by peers and morals? What is war? According to the thefreedictionary.com online dictionary, war is described as:

Essay on Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medication - 1014 Words

Linda Gailes ENG105 July 29, 2014 Elissa Abbott Hidden Dangers of ADHD Medication Medication for ADHD can cause a great deal of overdose for children that have ADHD. Their bodies will get addicted to the medication when they cannot do without them. If a patient stop taking it, their bodies will shut –down and start reacting in a strange way. These hidden symptoms can cause behavioral analysis that can evaluate the effect in medication that has form in the children body. It all starts from genetics, which cause ADHD, so it can be diagnose from the medication that can help the situation. This could be a good thing or a bad situation. The real risk factor of taking medication could start at birth or afterbirth. As an†¦show more content†¦This can be from the medication side-effect or how it react in the child body(CDC.gov).These behavior could cause confusion, like of understanding, and not knowing who they are. The situation can get of hand, if the parents let it go too far without checking it out. The problem needs to be dealt with as soon as possible. Especially, if there is an attitude changes that can be caused from the medication (CDC.gov). ADHD or ADD is found in the family genetics, also. Which plays, an important factor, and cause the medication to react in brain injury, premature infant delivery and with birth weight, after the hidden danger of ADHD medication. These factors, can give the general public a reason not to use these medication that is effecting all ages of children that are related to ADHD or ADD and from the medication that is given to the children for ADHD or ADD (APA.org). The cause of ADHD or ADD is a risk factor, in an effect to find better ways to relate and reduce the medication that is taken so that it will give the children a chance to correct the disorder from the medication. As a parent, one should not add any problem. When they know, what the problem is, and know that it is related to genetics and from the medication. But, genetics does play an important role. What the parents does not k, now, there are hidden side effect and dangers in the medication. Such as, too much sugar, environment exposure (lead) and etc. There are many things, which are in theShow MoreRelatedHidden Dangers of ADHD Medications632 Words   |  3 PagesThere are many medications that affect children’s health in today’s society. Doctors prescribe lots of medication which can be avoided, when children are properly diagnosed with certain health problems. Attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has impacted many people with the danger of certain medi cations which is overprescribed to all ages each year. The hidden dangers of the medications these doctors are prescribing, is that our children are being misdiagnosed with ADHD at a very earlyRead MoreInformative Speech Study Drugs and College Students Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesmysterious world of study drugs and the hidden dangers associated with them. C. Significance to Audience: Most of us are here because we all want to transfer to the best school as possible. And we will do whatever it takes. But drugs? Some of you might be tempted, and I’m here to present the facts of both the positive and negatives of such behavior. D. Overview: I will now proceed to define what a study drug is, the various types, why people use them, and what the dangers are. II. Body: A. Main Point:Read MoreAdderall : Risks With Many College Students2116 Words   |  9 Pagesworldwide. It is used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, commonly referred to as ADHD, which is a neurologically based behavioral disorder that affects both children and adults similarly. ADHD is characterized by an inability to pay attention, hyperactivity, as well as impulsive actions. Global issues continue to arise regarding Adderall. There is much debate in the medical field whether ADHD is over-diagnosed, or doctors are doing a better job detecting this disorder amongst individualsRead MorePRESCRIPTION MEDECINS USE AND ABUSE 22408 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ PRESCRIPTION MEDECINS USE AND ABUSE Krasimir Atanasov English 5 Teacher: June,2014 END NOTES 1. Waters Jo, â€Å"Taking antiobiotics ruptures my tendom: The hidden dangers of everyday drugs are assume are harmless†, 7 February 2012. 2. National Drug Intelligence Center (2010). National Threat Assessment: The Economic Impact of Illicit Drug Use on American Society. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice. 3. Bellenir K,† Alcoholism Source book 2000†, p.19,20,21. 4Read MoreThe Harmful Nature Of American Eating Habits1988 Words   |  8 Pagesadditives are also added in order to preserve or enhance the flavor of the food or the foods created. Most people are being to understand why processed foods are harmful to the body but do not understand the specific dangers of food additives. As more Americans began to understand the dangers of processed foods, more and more people are turning towards eating organic and natural foods. There is a difference between natural and organic foods. Natural foods are not certified by any regulatory body andRead MoreMSG: The Risky Taste Essay2483 Words   |  10 Pagesthe body. (Feng) Besides the aforementioned side effects from consuming MSG, there are also several diseases that are linked to consuming foods with MSG in it. Studies have shown that diseases that are linked to MSG include, but are not limited to, ADHD, ALS, Autism due to MSG being present in some Vaccines, Depression, Diabetes, High Blood Pressure, Obesity, Myopia aka Nearsightedness, and Tinnitus, or ringing of the ears. It also has devastating effects on those that are allergic to MSG, usuallyRead MoreThe Legal And Ethical Implications Associated With Wrongful Off Label Prescribing2199 Words   |  9 Pages(Blum, 2002). By law, pharmaceutical companies are pr ohibited to advertise unapproved uses of their drug. There is a great deal of confusion in the health care field surrounding the legal ramifications for physicians that prescribe off-label medications. The FDA published the following statement in attempt to clarify some of the legality: The FDA has also recognized that the FDC Act [Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act] does not, however, limit the manner in which a physician may use an approvedRead MoreThe United Nations Convention On The Rights Of The Child2362 Words   |  10 Pageshitting or throwing things, have difficulty to learn thus having lack of social interaction with other children (Mauren, 2004). Kaiser and Rasminsky (2007) thought that It is challenging for children because this behaviour put the child and others in danger and prevent children from learning. When children have inappropriate behaviours, other peers would be afraid of that child and thus rejecting him or her to their games. Moffitt (1997) stated that these rejections can harm the child’s self-esteem andRead MoreYoung People Essay14812 Words   |  60 Pageswanted to do something which I considered risky, first of all I’d check the young persons risk assessment, then make a risk assessment of what the young person wanted t o do to outline what hazards may be involved. Then I would explain to them the dangers of doing this activity. If I considered it too risky I would tell the young person they were unable to do it and explain why. 4. Confidentiality and sharing information understanding the importance of confidentiality ConfidentialityRead MoreUnit 1 Qcf Level 3 Essay9585 Words   |  39 Pagesbe aware of an object/person even if it is out of direct visible sight.) It will also be able to recognize familiar people at longer distance (6 meters). Between the age of one and two children enjoy hide and seek games and it will find partially hidden objects. It is able to build towers of cubes when shown, turn pages of books, look at correct picture when the image is named and point to parts of the body, match colours and shapes, do jigsaw puzzles and concentrate for longer. The child starts

Value Alignment - 1385 Words

Value Alignment One company recognized worldwide for its family oriented services and performances is The Disney Company. The values instilled by The Disney Company (Disney) are one of the biggest contributers to its success. The following will discuss the origins and subsequent evolution of personal and workplace values and will explain how the individual values drive the actions and behaviors. The paper will also analyze the alignment between persoanl values and actions and behaviors as well as the degree of alignment between Disney’s stated values and its actual plans and actions. Finally the paper will explain and analyze the degree of alignment between personal values and the values of Disney as reflected by its plans and actions.†¦show more content†¦There is an obvious cycle to their business because kids today will be adults tomorrow with kids of their own. Without the proper oversight the current generation of consumers will be affected which will subseque ntly effect a future generation based on how they view the company. Disney’s Standard of Business Conduct highlights the organizations values which are displayed within their business. The president for Disney says that they â€Å"have earned the trust of guests, audiences, consumers and shareholders because of our commitment to high standards in everything we do, everywhere we operate† (Standards of business, 2012). The areas within the Standard of Business conduct are integrity, honesty, trust, respect, playing by the rules, and teamwork. These areas are practiced within the organization toward the public and employees because they want to be as a family friendly organization. Degree of Alignment between Disney’s Stated Values and Plans and Actions In 1928, Walt Disney created The Walt Disney Company, along with its values. The created values still play a signifficant role in Disneys mission as well as vision today are innovation, quality, community, storytelling, optimism, and decency. The actions that Disney has taken over the years in the entertainment industry show that Disney aligns with its values. SInce being created in 1928 DisneyShow MoreRelatedValue Alignment990 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: VALUE ALIGNMENT Value Alignment Value Alignment Ethics and corporate values play a significant role in an organization and are both imperative to success. To attain a successful alignment between individual and corporate values, there needs to be a synergy between the employee and the organization he or she work for. The benefits contain significant value to both the organization and the employee. Established in 1898 as Brad s Drink, PepsiCo has grown substantiallyRead MoreValue Alignment Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesValue Alignment for Wal-Mart Fadi Anadri, Betrina Hood, Schercitha Miller, Samantha Redfearn BUS/475 Bill Crigger July 21, 2010 Value Alignment for Wal-Mart An individual’s personal values depict what is important in his or her life, and such values often determine his or her behavior. Furthermore, values are an enlightenment of why people act or react the way they do, based on their personal beliefs. The combined values of an individual and organization must be compatibleRead MoreCoca Cola Value Alignment1449 Words   |  6 PagesValue Alignment Paper Tanisha Harrison, Starina Nelson, Elizabeth Velazquez, Jennifer Hoff BUS/ 475 Mr. Ramirez August 14, 2012 In today’s professional atmosphere, establishments hire a culturally diverse workforce to have a reasonable advantage over other companies. This modification allows an establishment to concentrate on the steps of life while generating goods, which reaches cultures. In other words, these modifications agreeRead MoreValue Alignment for Coca-Cola Bus/4751060 Words   |  5 PagesValue Alignment for Coca-Cola BUS/475 Value Alignment for Coca-Cola The Origin and Evolution of Coca-Cola’s Workplace Values In May 1886 as a one man business in Atlanta, GA, Dr. John Pemberton, a Pharmacist who created the noncarbonated drink as medicine used as a medical elixir, nerve, and brain tonic during the origin(s) and subsequent evolution of Coca-cola started. Later carbonated dihydrogen monoxide was integrated into the drink presently known as Coca-Cola. Robert Goizueta is the currentRead MoreNeutrogenas Leadership: Vision, Mission, Value , and Swot Analyses Alignment with Jnj4783 Words   |  20 PagesNEUTROGENA’S ALIGNMENT WITH JNJ CREDO Neutrogena’s Leadership: Johnson and Johnson’s â€Å"Our Credo† is Our Commitment Thiri Zin Argosy University Abstract Neutrogena commitment to and align with Johnson and Johnson’s Credo is through effective communication from management. Strategy comprehension and community cooperation heavily rely on Leadership’s transparency and transfer of pivotal knowledge. This report analyzes the vision, mission, values andRead MoreLeadership Style And Its Impact On The Culture Of Each Organization Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pagesmission and/or vision statement. Many leadership models focus on the needs of the organization, such as production, competition, technology and management. The organizations mission statement broadly defines its vision and establishes the structure for values and principles to guide employees. In addition, the objectives in the mission statement are the means to achieve the organization’s goal, (Basu, nd.). In this essay, I will compare the company’s’ mission statements of TDIndustries and IKEA, examiningRead MoreRole Of A Leader s Top Responsibiliti es973 Words   |  4 Pagesof communication. In addition, communication is an essential element in enhancing value change in companies. The values must be well presented, understood for the implementation to be a success. One of a leader’s top responsibilities is to communicate expectations clearly and accurately to followers. Seagram had to change every aspect of the way that it was managed. They had to unlearn their old culture and new values had to be reinforced. Diagnosis of current situation: Unfortunately, the companyRead MoreDefining Best Practice : Corporate Responsibility Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesDefining Best Practice: Corporate responsibility is ultimately about the reasons and ways in which a company sets its values, moral standards, ethical considerations and states an organizational purpose that is based in greater societal good. After this course, I believe the â€Å"best practice† of corporate responsibility in a high tech global economy leverages several course methodologies but ultimately 1) the tenets of Gilligan’s Ethics of Care model which balances care for self (or corporation) andRead MoreHow Values Affect Individual and Organisational Behaviour Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesHow values affect individual and organizational behaviour Schwartz (1992) described values as desirable, trans-situational goals, changing in significance that serves as guiding principles in people’s lives. In simpler words, values evolve from circumstances with the outside world and can change over time. They are believed to have a significant influence on the behavioural and emotional of individuals (Rokeach, 1973), also on the organisational culture (O’Reilly amp; Chatman, 1996). ValuesRead MorePolitics Of The Earth : Climate Change981 Words   |  4 PagesWe’ve covered a great deal of material so far dealing with environmental communication strategies, major influencers and overall public engagement. Value charts, theories, approaches, roles and tricky language are just a few of the topics we delved into in the first few weeks. The readings each discuss the major influencers of people’s opinions of the environment, be they political leanings, opinion leaders, linguistic maneuvers, location, or captivating imagery. Additionally, race, affiliations

Police Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement - 1333 Words

Police brutality goes back many decades and actually happens a lot less the it did in the 60’s it is just seems like it occurs more due to the development of social media today. During the Civil Rights Movement that began in 1963 African Americans mostly in the South took the majority of these police brutalities. For example In the 60’s blacks were beaten with batons and cattle prods as they attempted to vote at a court house that was in Selma, Alabama. The subjects that received the beatings were not violent and also unarmed blacks that wanted to vote at a local court house. Attacks by police did not stop there, the police continued to attack unarmed and non-violent blacks as they attempted to march from Selma to Montgomery in the state of Alabama. The rules of deadly force have continued to develop since the introduction of the Constitution. At one point police were even given authority to fire on a fleeing felon even if they were not armed with a weapon. Today s pol ice officers receive significantly more training so that the violation of civil act’s and excessive uses of force may be prevented, but even with the extra training, police officers still act in this brutal manner. Every police department in America has experienced some type of misconduct, some more than others but not all have experienced a civil rights or police brutality violation. In my opinion, many of these incidents took place because of the lack of training that was provided to these officers. MostShow MoreRelatedPolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement985 Words   |  4 Pagessituations between citizens and police officers. Dating back to the 1960s during the civil rights movement, to recent events in the news that demonstrates police brutality. But does this mean that police officers aren’t doing their jobs. Could the media and social networks influence our views of the police? In my opinion it does. Police brutality has circulated media headlines for decades now. Citizens rage through the country, becoming more angry due to the outcome of police officers that use excessiveRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhile combating police brutality everyday, what really does matter? Despite, the increased attention and actions to remedy police brutality, police brutality is still a prevalent issue in today’s American society. It has sent critics on both sides of the issue into their corners, as no one really seems to have the answer. Maybe, the reason why police brutality has been so troublesome to alter is because the people trying to alter it are only targeting only the symptoms instead of the infection itselfRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1522 Words   |  7 PagesPolice brutality is defined as â€Å"excessive and/or unnecessary force by police when dealing with civilians,† and this has become more prominent within the United States throughout the ye ars (Danilina). There has many cases where police brutality has been seen via news channels, and it has dismantled the unity of trust between the civilians of the United States and the law enforcement who are supposed to protect the everyday people from harm. The issue is if the law enforcement is actually right withinRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Brutality â€Å"Officer Jeronimo Yanez, charged with second-degree manslaughter in the shooting death of Philando Castile, a 32-year-old black Minneapolis man† (Capecchi). â€Å"Brian Encinia, former Texas trooper charged with misdemeanor perjury stemming from his arrest of Sandra Bland, a black woman who was later found dead in a county jail† (Almasy). â€Å"Sgt. Kizzy Adonis, charged with failure to supervise in connection with the 2014 death of Eric Garner, a 43-year-old black Staten Island man who diedRead MorePolice Brutality And The Civil Rights Movement1400 Words   |  6 PagesOver the past 10 decades or more the United States has displayed a lot of police brutality and also racial profiling that leads to police brutality to American citizens. A police officer job are to serve and protect and enforce the law but in a lot cases from proven evidence it’s seems they shoot first and ask questions later. Americans are starting to feel that the police are scared of th e citizens more than people are scared of them. Not every single cop in the world is bad or mean harm to peopleRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years police brutality towards African Americans has increased. This violence has resulted in riots across the United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profilingRead MorePolice brutality1678 Words   |  7 Pages Police Brutality, Have Times Really Changed The history of Police Brutality for minorities; especially people of color has left America wondering have times changed. Police brutality has deemed the opportunity for socioeconomic advancement or access to good and services for many Black/African Americans dating back as far as 1955. The system of Police brutality has affected many realms of society for minorities’ employment and family life. After some scholarly research, police brutality isRead MorePolice Brutality Is An Extremely Serious Offence885 Words   |  4 Pagesthe police for help,Considering their job is to protect you at all times. But, who Do you call when it s a police officer abusing his authority? Who do you call when the peacemakers are disturbing your peace and just adding to the crime rates in America? Police brutality is a crime very much present in today s society just as it was present during the civil rights movements of the 1960’s and years after that . It is a very big issue in our highly p opulated cities in america. Police brutality isRead MorePolice Influence on Society822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Police Influence on Society Police Influence on Society 1 The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. This brutal treatmentRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Police Brutality By Jill Nelson1358 Words   |  6 Pagesnot had power to determine their own destiny† which is movement that formed for self defense against the U.S government. The Black Power Movement established itself in the 1950’s branching off of the nonviolent groups established during the Civil Rights Movement. Two major Black Power groups in history were Malcolm X and Black Panther Party that focused on justice for the black communities. These groups primarily fought against police brutality in their communities. At this time the United States that

Examine the Key Ideas Associated with Law and Punishment Free Essays

Examine the key ideas associated with law and punishment Law and Punishment go hand in hand. There are Laws, which are the system of rules which a particular country or community recognises as regulating the actions of followers, and there are punishments, for when a member of said country/community breaks the rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Examine the Key Ideas Associated with Law and Punishment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Punishment is defined as the infliction of a penalty or to cause pain for an offence. Most of the time it is not a choice as to whether you are part of a law-following community because almost all countries in the world have some kind of law-system and often the minute you turn the age where you are legally responsible or step off the boat, plane or train you are subjected to their laws. The Biblical views on punishment have often been based on the old testament teaching ‘an eye for an eye’. The bible also lays out punishments for certain crimes that appear to follow this teaching. Except that there are many punishments in the bible that seem to be out of proportion to the crime e. . â€Å"whoever curses his father or his mother will be put to death†. There are many problems with this statement for example it does not state how old the son/daughter has to be to deserve this punishment, it seems to imply even a 4 year old who does not necessarily know what they are saying can be put to death for cursing their parents. An eye for an eye is also relev ant in today’s laws, it is the basis of retributive justice that is present in our society. Retributive justice is the idea that those who have done the crime should somehow pay back for what they did. Rachel’s said â€Å"People deserve to be treated in the same way that they have (voluntarily treated others)† This seems like a fair way of treating someone because why someone should be allowed to do one thing and then not expect to be treated in the same way? But some punishments that are retributive e. g. capital punishment do not seem to benefit society and there is a risk of the punishment becoming revengeful not retributive. Retributive justice also causes a problem because it might make capital punishment a legitimate approach to punishment. I. e. If a person murders it is right for them to be killed. And It also can lead the legal system to instead of appearing like someone is being made to pay back what they have done wrong to looking like the legal system is being hypocritical i. e. we are showing society that it is wrong to be violent by being violent to wrong doers. This is not how we should be teaching people to not be violent. The punishment also must not be disproportionate to the crime e. g. sentencing a small child to death for stealing a sweet from a shop. Some forms of punishment e. g. fines may be disproportionate because to people with money a fine does not make any difference but to someone who has just enough money or just below the money they need for necessities it can be a massive problem, but on average I think retributive measures helps to make the punishment be proportionate to the crime because the person can be treated the way they treated others. Deterrence is another form of punishment. It means that we should punish for crimes in order to deter others from committing the same crime i. e. f we know what the punishment for an act is we are less inclined to do it. However there are problems with this because it assumes that the perpetrator had intent and full knowledge of what they were doing was wrong but often violent crimes happen in the heat of the moment and are not planned and those violent crimes that are calculated are often done by those people who are mentally ill. Also, why should be punish someone for the sake of someone else? Reformative justice is becoming more popular in today’s society and is the attempt to turn the criminal into a normal law abiding citizen. It is often based on the idea that everyone has an intrinsic value simply because they are human and the improvement of humans is good. According to deontology this is good because rehabilitation prevents people treating others as means. There is also a utilitarian argument for this because reformative justice improves the general quality of life in society. I also would argue that reformative justice is also trying to right the inequality between the rich and poor. People from less well of backgrounds are more likely to commit crimes due to them having fewer opportunities and less education. Poorer people are also more likely to come from violent backgrounds and therefore are more likely to be violent themselves. Therefore reformative justice helps make up for this lack of opportunities by offering classes inside prisons for example. Although there are many good things about reformative punishments, there are also many problems. Reformation takes away the responsibility for our actions and it does not attempt to right the wrong. This causes problems in itself because if there is no ‘punishment’ other than reformation then there is no incentive for people not to commit crime, in fact there is almost an incentive to commit a crime! And why someone in prison should be getting opportunities that people outside the prison do not get. I would like to think that there is good in everyone but it would simply be impractical to think that we can rehabilitate everyone as some people are simply too far gone and do not want to change. Hobbes philosophised about why we want/need laws in society and he came up with an idea called the social contract theory. This idea was based on his notion that government is an agreement between a group of people where they agree not to hurt each other. This is fuelled by the motivation of self-interest which according to Hobbes is pertinent because human beings are selfish creatures and therefore seek collective protection. i. e. If I promise not to hurt you and you promise not to hurt me then neither of us gets hurt and we’re both happy. And this is what Hobbes believes to be the basis of our desire to keep the laws set out by the state – we should avoid chaos because it is not in our best interests therefore we should keep the laws. Kant had a similar conclusion i. e. that we should keep the laws but for a different reason. Kant said that we should ‘act so that you treat humanity, both in your own person and in that of another, always as an end’ i. e. we should keep the laws so that we do not treat others as means to an end. His idea of kingdom of ends states ‘act in accordance with the maxims of a member giving universal laws for a merely possible kingdom of ends’ where the kingdom of ends is a perfect community where all members respect each other as ends in themselves. This is what we should strive to achieve, and to be successful at this we should keep the laws of the community. Therefore we should keep the laws and to keep the laws means that we must punish those that break the law.. Evaluate the view that objectivity and relativism pose problems for the concept of law and punishment. Objectivity states that there are ethical principles that are always wrong or always right and they are normally established a priori i. e. without experience. Therefore as there are certain things that are always wrong we need a law to stop people from doing it. This law may be objectively right and its punishment for breaking the law may also be objectively right. Objectivity might support retributive justice; Retributive justice is when someone pays back for their crime. This could support objectivity because it needs to be imposed with the consistency that objectivity provides therefore you could argue that Retributive justice only works with the objectivity and as retributive justice tends to be favoured in western societies perhaps objectivity does not pose such a problem with law and punishment. Having said this there are still the problems it does cause. Objective ethical principles are established a priori therefore we cannot know them through experience. If we do not know them through experience, how can we truly know if something is right or wrong and therefore how do we know if a law is right whilst using objectivity. Objectivity also does not allow for individual cases, it runs the risk of using a ‘one size fits all’ policy towards law and punishment and whilst we do need some consistency amongst crimes, one size does not exactly fit all because not every crime is exactly the same! Normative relativism states that truth and morality is relative to the country/society that one is in and therefore we cannot criticize other cultures as to how they do things. With regards to law and punishment this leads us to the face that there are no definite truths or morals that can be applied in every situation around the world so Punishment is determined according to the country and, if we take it relativism further, according to the circumstances of the case. Hobbes took a relativist view because he said that justice cannot be fixed, and each country/community has different ideas of what law and punishment should be all we should do is aim not be in chaos, not because it is wrong in an objective sense but because it does not serve or self-interest. Relativism may be a good thing because it allows each country to organise punishment as they see fit and there is merit in the systems that other countries have for example some people believe that Iraq was justified in the hanging of Saddam Hussein even though in our society the death penalty is not used. However it does have problems because it means that all forms of punishment are right as long as it is accepted by society e. g. it would be right to hang a small child for stealing sweets if society thought it was the correct punishment. If punishment is decided relative to the circumstance and there is no consistency we could end up with a justice system where only some people would be punished and this could easily lead to corruption, sexism and racism within the punishment system. It also means that there may be little point of having punishment because if only some cases lead to punishment then punishment would be pointless! It would serve no deterrent or retributive purpose. Objectivity and Relativism both have merits and cause problems for law and punishment and I do not think either can work solely on their own because they have too many problems by themselves, but on the other hand I do not know if it is possible for Objectivity and Relativism to work together. Perhaps if the laws are objective but how we punish people is relative to each country, case and persons involved. For example although killing may be objectively wrong it may not be appropriate to treat a child who killed someone, an adult who killed someone by accident and an adult who killed someone out of hate all In the same way although they have all broken the same objective rule. How to cite Examine the Key Ideas Associated with Law and Punishment, Essays

Satire and Socil Commentary in A connecticutt Ya Essay Example For Students

Satire and Socil Commentary in A connecticutt Ya Essay nkee in KinThe art of literature has long been used as a vehicle for entertaining the masses. However, many stories have another purpose, such as expressing the writers feelings on social customs from years gone bye or at the time of writing. One vehicle which is often used to attain this goal is satire. Mark Twains novel, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court, is an excellent example of using satire as social commentary(Reis 316). The novel is definitely a commentary on the ideals of King Arthurs sixth century Camelot, but the many inconsistencies and ambiguities which are apparent in the story also suggest that Twain was also satirizing the flaws in the authors own nineteenth century society(Wiggins 80). If we look atthe character progression of both Hank Morgan and Merlin, the reader can easily see Twains dual-criticism. When Hank arrives in Camelot, he quickly rises to power. His manipulation of public opinion regarding him by the use of miracles immediately brings Hank to t he realization that he can basically do whatever he pleases. His knowledge of nineteenth century technology makes Hank Morgan a human standing next to apes(Robinson 190).This section of the story is filled with Twains commentary on the absurdness of the ideals of Chivalry. When Camelot is looked at from the standpoint of twentieth century practicality, it looks so absurd that it is funny(Robinson 184). An excellent example of this can be found in the banquet which the Knights of the Round Table attend and at which Hank is sentenced. The knights, supposed pillars of Chivalry, sit around the table discussing their own deeds, drinking, and embellishing the facts of events which had taken place. The Knights also partake in activities that we would label as childish, such as the amusement over the dog chasing its tail(Twain 24-25). The passage emphasizes the childish innocence of the sixth century people, but it also shatters the romantic ideals that the modern world holds of the Knights of the Round Table(Robinson 185). Hank immediately sets out to employ his nineteenth century ideals in the sixth century. His first action in office is to create a patent office. From here, he proceeds to modernize Camelot. He establishes a Navy, and begins to string telegraph wires. At the same time, he is avoiding the Church. This section shows Twains favorable attitude towards nineteenth century progress. Hank has been making true progress in the nation, the most noticeable affect of which is the quadrupling, and redistributing of the revenues. It is here where Twain expresses his most fervent support for the nineteenth century ideals of Democracy. Throughout the novel, the Catholic Church is blamed for the problems of the land. The Church epitomizes sixth century ignorance and superstition, specifically by hindering Hanks technological advances. The Church is feared more than the Monarchy(Baldanza 75-76). This favorable attitude is not held throughout the novel however. The fin al product of Hanks endeavors is nothing. At the end of Hanks journey, the world is not robbed of superstition, in fact the Churchs power is heightened. The downfall of Hanks utopia is Twains criticism of his own nineteenth century society(Dendinger 2668). Much of this criticism can be found in the Character imperfections of Hank Morgan. Hank thinks of himself of the progressive Yankee, forward thinking, and ready to save the people from their superstition(Wiggins 79). Although he does make progress in several areas. such as administrator, statesman, technician, and astronomer, Hank is still an ignoramus when his views on religion economics and politics are viewed(Wiggins 79). It should also be noted that Hank was only empowered to rescue the superstitious sixth century folk by preying on that superstition(Wiggins 82). .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .postImageUrl , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:hover , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:visited , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:active { border:0!important; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:active , .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaf9964a7ff5761e0c9370f6cf43e4f7a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mahatma gandhi: man of peace Essay Another problem with the portrayal of the nineteenth century as such a perfect world is that fact that when he returns, Hank cannot fully return to the nineteenth century. The very society which he attempted to import into the sixth century is no longer capable of satisfying Hank(Robinson 192). A third aspect of Hanks failure to be a truly practical Yankee is his relationship with Sandy. Twain cannot condemn Sandy for her simplicity and eventually grows to worship it(Wiggins 82). Twain felt that the sixth century was far from perfect. However, the nineteenth century did not contain the answers which Camelot needed to overcome its ignorance and superstition. Category: English

English Igcse free essay sample

Write your name here Surname Other names Edexcel Certificate Edexcel International GCSE Centre Number Candidate Number English Language A Paper 1 Friday 25 May 2012 – Afternoon Time: 2 hours 15 minutes You do not need any other materials. Paper Reference KEA0/01 4EA0/01 Total Marks Instructions Use black ink or ball-point pen. Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number. Answer all questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need. Information The total mark for this paper is 60.The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to spend on each question. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your responses to Sections B and C – you should take particular care on these questions with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression. We will write a custom essay sample on English Igcse or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Copies of the Edexcel Anthology for IGCSE English Language and IGCSE English Literature may not be brought into the examination. Dictionaries may not be used in this examination. Advice Read each question carefully before you start to answer it. Keep an eye on the time. Try to answer every question. Check your answers if you have time at the end. Turn over P40032A  ©2012 Pearson Education Ltd. *P40032A0120* 1/1/1/1/1 Section A: Reading You should spend about 45 minutes on this section. Read the following passage carefully and then answer the questions which follow. As a child the writer lived with his mother, named Jenny, and Alexander his brother, on an isolated hilltop sheep farm. In this passage he describes a dramatic snow storm. Blizzard! Every winter Jenny listened to weather forecasts with dread, equally concerned for us and for the animals.(Total for Question 3 = 12 marks) TOTAL FOR SECTION A = 20 MARKS FOR READING *P40032A0720* 7 Turn over Section B: Reading and Writing You should spend about 45 minutes on this section. Remind yourself of the passage, A Game of Polo with a Headless Goat from the Edexcel Anthology for IGCSE English Language and IGCSE English Literature, and then answer Questions 4 and 5. Emma Levine travelled throughout Asia researching and filming unusual sports. In this passage she writes about a donkey race in Karachi.We drove off to find the best viewing spot, which turned out to be the crest of the hill so we could see the approaching race. I asked the lads if we could join in the ‘Wacky Races’ and follow the donkeys, and they loved the idea. ‘We’ll open the car boot, you climb inside and point your camera towards the race. As the donkeys overtake us, we’ll join the cars. ’ ‘But will you try and get to the front? ’ ‘Oh yes, that’s no problem. ’ The two lads who had never been interested in this Karachi sport were suddenly fired up with enthusiasm. We waited for eternity on the brow of the hill, me perched in the boot with a zoom lens pointing out.Nearly one hour later I was beginning to feel rather silly when the only action was a villager on a wobbly bicycle, who nearly fell off as he cycled past and gazed around at us. Several vehicles went past, and some donkey-carts carrying spectators. ‘Are they coming? ’ we called out to them. ‘Coming, coming,’ came the reply. I was beginning to lose faith in its happening, but the lads remained confident. Just as I was assuming that the race had been cancelled, we spotted two approaching donkey-carts in front of a cloud of fumes and dust created by some fifty vehicles roaring up in their wake.As they drew nearer, Yaqoob revved up the engine and began to inch the car out of the lay-by. The two donkeys were almost dwarfed by their entourage; but there was no denying their speed – the Kibla donkey is said to achieve speeds of up to 40 kph, and this looked close. The two were neck-and-neck, their jockeys perched on top of the tiny carts using their whips energetically, although not cruelly. The noise of the approaching vehicles grew; horns tooting, bells ringing, and the special rattles used just for this purpose (like maracas, a metal container filled with dried beans).Men standing on top of their cars and vans, hanging out of taxis and perched on lorries, all cheered and shouted, while the vehicles jostled to get to the front of the convoy. Yaqoob chose exactly the right moment to edge out of the road and swerve in front of the nearest car, finding the perfect place to see the two donkeys and at the front of the vehicles. This was Formula One without rules, or a city-centre rush hour gone anarchic; a complete flouting of every type of traffic rule and common sense. Our young driver relished this unusual test of driving skills.It was survival of the fittest, and depended upon the ability to cut in front of a vehicle with a sharp flick of th e steering wheel (no lane discipline here); quick reflexes to spot a gap in the traffic for a couple of seconds; nerves of steel, and an effective horn. There were two races – the motorized spectators at the back; in front, the two donkeys, still running close and amazingly not put off by the uproar just behind them. Ahead of the donkeys, oncoming traffic – for it was a main road – had to dive into the ditch and wait there until we had passed. Yaqoob loved it.We stayed near to the front, his hand permanently on the horn and his language growing more colourful with every vehicle that tried to cut in front. †¦ 8 25 15 5 10 20 30 35 *P40032A0820* The road straightened and levelled, and everyone picked up speed as we neared the end of the race. But just as they were reaching the finishing line, the hospital gate, there was a near pile-up as the leading donkey swerved, lost his footing and he and the cart tumbled over. The race was over. And then the trouble began. I assumed the winner was the one who completed the race but it was not seen that way by everyone.Apart from the two jockeys and ‘officials’ (who, it turned out, were actually monitoring the race) there were over a hundred punters who had all staked money on the race, and therefore had strong opinions. Some were claiming that the donkey had fallen because the other one had been ridden too close to him. Voices were raised, fists were out and tempers rising. Everyone gathered around one jockey and official, while the bookmakers were trying to insist that the race should be re-run. Yaqoob and Iqbal were nervous of hanging around a volatile situation. They agreed to find out for me what was happening ordering me to stay inside the car as they were swallowed up by the crowd. They emerged sometime later. ‘It’s still not resolved,’ said Iqbal, ‘but it’s starting to get nasty. I think we should leave. ’ As we drove away, Yaqoob reflected on his driving skills. ‘I really enjoyed that,’ he said as we drove off at a more sedate pace. ‘But I don’t even have my licence yet because I’m underage! ’ They both found this hilarious, but I was glad he hadn’t told me before; an inexperienced, underage driver causing a massive pile-up in the middle of the high-stakes donkey race could have caused problems. Emma Levine 40 45 50 55 *P40032A0920* 9 Turn over 4 How does the writer try to share her experiences of being at the race? You should refer closely to the passage to support your answer. You may include brief quotations.

Civil Rights And Public Policy Essay Example

Civil Rights And Public Policy Paper All men are created equal has had little weight In American society and has been the cause of social unrest in America for decades. From blacks to minorities to women, unequal treatment has been the cause of protest and objection. Civil rights and inequality cases and issues are focused on by Congress, the courts, and the bureaucracy. Not only is discrimination an issue against race and gender, other groups have been demanding social and constitutional protection. There are some that have to do with GE and disability, and there are more controversial ones like sexual orientation. Call rights must be demanded and quieted upon. These fights have to take place on philosophical levels, as well as Constitutional interpretations. The Declaration of Independence might have stated equal rights for all, but does it actually mean equal opportunities for all. Even though we might have equal opportunities, does that mean we all have equal chances of succeeding? Do all of these other minorities have the same chance to succeeding as do all other peoples? Are they all getting the same results and reward? This Is the focus of the 21st call liberties fight. Founding fathers did not explicitly mention equal rights for all; however, the interpretations of the constitution and other historical documents do no not limit freedom to any specific government. The constitution is unequal in many terms. The First Amendment didnt explicitly allow freedom of expression which allows people to protest for equality. Equality only appeared in the post-civil War in the Fourteenth Amendment which prevents states from making laws depriving anyone from their rights, In this case, equal protection. We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Civil Rights And Public Policy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Equal protection Is a key tool for determining call rights and equality. Standards of review are used by the higher courts to determine nature of potential discrimination. For example. In Standards of review, there are laws that classify groups based on age and wealth. They have to pass test and get a result of reasonableness. Then there is potential classification by gender and that must passed pass intermeddle scrutiny. The last is classification by race, in which the laws are Inherently suspected. The most important group of people who have fought tirelessly for their rights are the African Americans. For the first 250 years the united States was created, blacks were treated as property with no rights. The 1 857 Dread Scott Scott v. Sanford ruling declared that even slaves escaping to free states had no rights as a citizen and that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories. The Missouri Compromise made Missouri a slave state but with the condition that the northern territories were free. After all of this and decades later, the thirteenth Amendment banned slavery and Involuntary servitude which led to the era of reconstruction and segregation which broke three Amendments at the same time. The 13th, 14th, and the 15th. In the 1896 Please v. Ferguson case: Supreme Court gave Constitutional justification to segregation, ruling that separate but equal was Constitutional. This made segregation even worse because the government was officially supporting it after they had made those three amendments. Equal education was a major issue now. From this issue rose the issue of busing which was extremely popular among all people In ten earlier years. From tens Issue, Trot ten education and from many other issues, the Civil Rights Movement was formed. The Civil Rights Movement, and its nonviolent activists, attempted to end political, social, and economic policies that promoted segregation. By the asses the majority of white Americans supported civil equality. The influence of courts and shifting public stances led to many public policies and laws aimed at promoting racial equality in the asses and asses. Most notably, the Civil Rights Act of 1964: made racial discrimination in public accommodation areas (ex. Restaurants and hotels) illegal. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 would be the most massive attempt to enforce black forage. After the Brown ruling, congress set to end all forms of segregation. After the African American Civil Rights Movement, other minority groups set out to claim their rights. Native Americans, Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Arabs Americans and Muslims. Women also battled public policy. Feminists groups sprung out of nowhere in the past century. For the first time in American history an American Women almost won presidency. Wage discrimination is an issue under the spotlight. Sexual harassment is an issue that been around for a very long time. Womens enlistments in the military has been a huge turning point for women in history. Other groups Active under the Civil Rights Umbrella are the elderly of America. Presidential candidates focus a great deal of their time on this social group. People with disabilities have also been asking for rights and have been facing much discrimination. LIGHT have been gaining massive support nowadays, with their issue being one of the biggest controversial issues Americas has faced. Affirmative Action is a policy designed to give special attention to or compensatory treatment for members of some previously disadvantaged groups.

Industrialisation in Post-Civil War America

Industrialisation in Post-Civil War America Free Online Research Papers Industrialization can be briefly defined as: The development of social organizations, generally in nation-states in which large manufacturing enterprises loom large and in which adjunctive legal institutions supporting laissez-faire philosophies of market relationships and providential public and private services grow with tandem. Therefore, industrialization should be discussed in the context of economic, social and political factors: conditions in which technological innovations have their full impact on the transformation of economy. It is impossible to elucidate industrialization in Post-Civil War America and not to involve all this vast number of factors that influenced its development. If one would try to define it solely in the context of technological discoveries, it would provide a very superficial explanation; neglecting other factors would eventually lead to the dangerous path of telling historical untruth. The truth is that industrialization is much more complex, although it could not happen in this form without its technical inventions that made the 21st century world possible. For example, the creation of industrial society would not take this shape without significant discoveries of new managerial practices that set the basis of modern capitalistic society: the prevailing economic system of nowa days, of which America is the most superb example. There is no doubt that this topic would deserve discourse of a much larger extent. Concerning the restrictions of space that has been given to me, I will not be able to present a wider context of the Post-Civil War industrialization. I find it most important to present its frame and historical background, its most important characteristics and its legacies. I will also try to include the most prominent cultural and social changes, focusing on the ones I find to be the most essential. Industrialization, Incorporation and Development of Capitalist Economy In the Post Civil-War era, the United States experienced most rapid and intensive industrialization and urbanization. The factor of war should not be excluded: the war needs significantly stimulated countrys economy, especially iron and steel industry that continued to flourish after its end. The development of technology combined with vast raw material deposits (at the beginning, coal, then iron and oil) contributed to the growing power of the nation, completely transforming its economy, including the economic system itself. Discussing the backgrounds of Industrialization process, it is important to mention that American Post-Civil War industrialization, considering roughly period between years 1865 and 1900, took place in a â€Å"laissez-faire† capitalist environment. It is not that this environment was artificially created, newly developed capitalist relations created such conditions. In this early phase of its development, economic relationships were not yet well developed, which made enough room for unscrupulous practice and exploitation of labor. People who had benefit from such conditions advocated the policy of economic liberalism, or â€Å"laissez-faire economics†. In French Laissez-faire means leave to do, and the Scottish economist Adam Smith is to be given credit for popularizing the term in the 19th century. His famous work The Wealth of Nations (1776) had great influence in 19th century economic thought. Adam Smith explains that the best way in which the economic growth can be stimulated is to let the individual initiative to operate freely and pursue its self-interest, and that the personal progress of that initiative will lead to the benefit of society as a whole. Opposing the principle of economic interventionism laissez-faire doctrine advocates the minimum necessary interference of government. Economic laws of free competition should act as an â€Å"invisible hand† that will maintain a certain order in economy. The personal greed element that Adam Smith mentions in his philosophy had immense power in the development of industrial economy in Post Civil-War America. Entrepreneurs’ greed did lead to economic growth; however, it did not lead to the benefit of whole society but to the progress of a few. During the Post Civil-War industrialization period in United States, a small number of corporate giants came to dominate whole industries, took over the market and destroyed many smaller businesses that were swallowed by their great competitors. Avoidance of governmental regulations (which was always advocated by unscrupulous industrialists) led to exploitation of labor and turned out to be completely inadequate in solving numerous social problems. The most important social change that this period has brought was undoubtedly the rise of a new, numerous working class, in contrast to a small-numbered class of capitalists, and the increased social gap of this newly created industrial society. The development of railroads was of extreme importance from the earliest period of industrialization. They stimulated the settlement of the West, the trade, and railroad companies influenced the economy by inventing new managerial practices and pioneering the consolidations of smaller businesses. Thus, the incorporation of America came along with its industrialization and the development of the capitalist economic system. Railroads and New Managerial Practices Hoping to encourage settlement and exploitation of resources in the West the U.S. government promised railroad companies 20 square miles on the both sides of the tracks for every mile of it laid. The result was that, between 1965 and 1900, railroad lines increased from 35,000 to 192,000 miles, which was more than the whole Europe had at the time. Only four years after the Civil War, with the meeting of Union Pacific and Central Pacific railway at Promontory Point in Utah, the first Transcontinental Railroad was completed. It united the country physically, opened vast lands for cultivation and for investors vast raw materials deposits such as coal, oil and iron. As railroad companies had their interest in creating future customers for their services, they endeavored to settle the areas where their tracks were laid. Promontory Point, Utah. May 10, 1869 On May 10th, 1869 New York Times wrote: The inhabitants of the Atlantic seaboard and the dwellers on the Pacific slopes are henceforth emphatically one people†¦ The new highway thus opened to man will†¦ develop the resources, extend the commerce, increase the power, exalt the dignity and perpetuate the unity of our Republic†¦ Railroad companies thus made fortunes and grew in size. They gained such economic power that they started to influence state and federal governments. It is not surprising then that it was the railroad companies that started developing new managerial practices, such as selling stocks to raise the needed capital. They first started creating trusts, which were the most primitive forms of joining companies that free market’s laws of competition imposed on them. Some of these railroad entrepreneurs were the first to start a policy or buying and consolidating their weaker and smaller competitors. Other industries followed the example and started adopting these practices. Rise of Corporations The rise of the corporation U.S Steel is one of the best examples how great corporations were created in this period. One of its founders Andrew Carnegie came to the U.S. from Scotland at the age of 12. After getting experience in railroad industry and making farsighted investments he was the first to apply new railroad managerial practices in iron industry, that is, integrating his business both horizontally and vertically. After his Carnegie Steel was sold to banker J.P. Morgan, the newly created U.S. Steel company was the first corporation in the U.S. to capitalize over 1 billion dollars. Other industries followed the examples of railroads as well, and soon, a great number of small businesses competing for the market were replaced by oligopoly, an economy dominated by a few corporate giants. Thus, the downfall of small business contributed to the rise of working class. Andrew Carnegie’s best customers were railroad companies. The steel industry transformed the country finding application in building industrial machines and skyscrapers. The rise steel industry in the U.S. also marked the beginning of capital goods: the production of goods which are used in production of other goods. By 1890 the United States took the first position in the world in steel manufacture due to its cheap labor, abundance of raw materials, as well as the discovery of Bessemer process that made high quality steel production possible. In the mid 1890 the internal combustion engine and automobile were invented, creating great public demands for oil. It led John D. Rockefeller, the famous entrepreneur, to develop his Standard Oil company in the same way as Carnegie: through horizontal and vertical integration of business, and further on, to expand to other business as well, such as meat, harvest, tobacco, leather etc†¦ Technological Revolution and Industrial Revolution Industrialization generally connotes the idea of a â€Å"process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.† Thus, this process leads a society through a transition of social and economic changes that are mutually conditioned. Post Civil-War industrialization brought great changes to the everyday life of an American: new transport and building methods changed the living conditions dramatically. Implementation of new technology and usage of machines that cut the production costs brought a revolution in industry that lasted until the first decade of the 19th century, and at the same time the beginning of serial production marked the start of modern capitalism. New inventions between years 1860 and 1900 were the most important factor in the United States industrialization; however, the role of entrepreneurs should not be neglected. Without their enrollment and capital many of these inventions would have probably been lost. In his book The Rise of Industrial America the author Page Smith tries to explain the technological revolution of this era: â€Å"For one thing, the entrepreneurial spirit (or, more simply, the desire to make as much money as possible), a spirit which existed from the beginning of the Republic†¦ appeared to be a passion without limits†¦ â€Å". Indeed, between years 1860 and 1890 440,000 patents were issued, but it is important to know that great historical changes are always conditioned by environment, and that everything that was accomplished in the field of science was reciprocally conditioned. The entrepreneurial spirit or greed could have also been important factors, but such a progress would not be possible without being tightly linked with adequate social and cultural factors. For example, the development of communications and transport certainly lead to the spreading of technical knowledge. It is said that â€Å"need is the mother of invention†, but in the context of American industrialization, the saying could be understood also in a sense of â€Å"a need for more profit†, since companies that made fortunes on inventions normally invested into further research and stimulated innovations. In discussion of inventions in this period it is important to mention inventions that were in the domain of telecommunications. In first years after the Civil War of great importance was electrical telegraphy perfected by Samuel F.B. Morse in 1844. The invention of telephone of 1876 by Alexander Graham Bell had significantly sped up information exchange and had truly enormous impact on both economic and industrial development. In brief period it became so popular in the U.S., that within a half century 16 million telephones were installed. Among the most important inventions that also stimulated business were the inventions of typewriter in 1867, of the adding machine in 1888, and of the cash register in 1897. Among the most eminent innovators of the period was Thomas Edison, who was particularly celebrated for perfecting the light bulb; however, the use of electricity for lightening developed slowly. Edison is also given credit for the invention of phonograph, mimeograph, dictaphone, motion picture camera and film. Of great significance was also Nikola Tesla’s work: his electric motor invention replaced steam engine in factories. Entrepreneurs of the period also perfected techniques of mass production, while electric railway and electric dynamo significantly stimulated urbanization. Numerous implements that were discovered for gas rapidly increased its demand. Conclusion Industrialization brought great changes to the United States in the period after 1865 and made America a leading world power. However, the price of it was great pollution of the environment, increased social differences between classes, the poverty and vulnerability of the newly created working class. In this early stage of the development of capitalism, the society has divided into high, middle and massive working class that worked long hours for extra profit that was accumulated into the hands of industrialists. The social gap between classes increased as the economy of many small businesses was replaced by oligopoly. The development of railroad companies that stimulated trade and its consolidating into large enterprises was followed by the rise of corporations in all other industries. Inventions followed the ideas for better quality of products and quality of life, while companies that made fortunes on inventions financed scientists and innovations. Notably, innovations reduced the demand for working power in agriculture as well, while factories in cities needed workers. Thus massive Post Civil-War industrialization and its inventions caused fast urbanization and changed the demographic image of the country. Apart of such indirect factors that changed the nation, many inventions such as telephone had a straightforward impact on the lives of Americans. The industrialization in United States, however, was not of local character: it left an enormous legacy to nowadays world and its effects are visible in every sphere of modern civilization. It came along with scientific discoveries that had a great impact to the development of global civilization as well as the social world order, influencing lives of every nation, and thus, every inhabitant of the world. Research Papers on Industrialisation in Post-Civil War AmericaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesTwilight of the UAWDefinition of Export QuotasThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationOpen Architechture a white paperNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice